Genesis Ch. 1:1-5 Translation Work

1 בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃




“In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the earth.”

- בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית: (n feminine singular - רֵאשִׁ֖ית) = beginning
- בָּרָ֣א: (v Qal Perfect 3rd Mas. Sing. – ברא) = he created




2 וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃




“but the earth was formless and empty, and darkness (was) on the face of the deep. And the Elohim’s Spirit moved on the face of the waters.”




- הָיְתָ֥ה: (v Qal Perfect 3rd Fem. Sing. - היה) = it was
- תֹ֙הוּ֙: (n masculine singular - תֹּהוּ) = formless
- וָבֹ֔הוּ: (n masculine singular - בֹּהוּ) = empty
- וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ: (n masculine singular - חֹשֶׁךְ) = Darkness
- תְה֑וֹם: (n feminine singular - תְּהוֹם) = the deep
- מְרַחֶ֖פֶת: (v Piel Participle - רחף) = to hover
- הַמָּֽיִם: (n masculine singular - מַיִם) = waters




3 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י א֑וֹר וַֽיְהִי־אֽוֹר׃


“And Elohim said, ‘Let there be light!’ and there was light.”


- וַיֹּ֥אמֶר:(v Qal Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - אמר) = He said
- יְהִ֣י:(v Qal Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - ) = it came to pass, it happened
- א֑וֹר:(n feminine singular - אוֹר) = light



4 וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃


“And He saw that the light was God, and He divided the light from the darkness”


- וַיַּ֧רְא:(v Qal Imperfect 3rd Person Masculine Singular - ראה) = He saw
- וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל:(v Hiphil Imperfect 3rd Person Masculine Singular - בדל) = He divided
- בֵּ֥ין:(prep. - בַּיִן) = between




5 וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ פ


“And called the light ‘Day’ and the darkness He called ‘night’.  And there was an evening and a morning.  Day One.”


- וַיִּקְרָ֨א:(v Qal Imperfect 3rd Masculine Singular - קרא) = he called
- י֔וֹם:(n masculine singular - יוֹם) = day
- לָ֑יְלָה:(n masculine singular - לַיְלָה) = night
- עֶ֥רֶב:(n masculine singular - עָ֫רֶב) = evening
- בֹ֖קֶר:(n masculine singular - בֹּ֫קֶר) = morning
- י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד:“a first day.”


(all but the last two of the seven days of creation are marked by cardinal numbers, lacking the definite article, while most English translations insist on translating them as ordinal numbers. Steinmann notes that cardinal numbers are occasionally used as ordinals, but this only has precedent when counting the days of a month or the years of a king’s reign. And the use of cardinal numbers in a list of countables is unattested elsewhere in the Old Testament. The use of cardinal numbers may imply that the creative days were not in immediate succession of each other, and may not be in their actual order of occurrence. - (Steinmann, Andrew E. אחר as an Ordinal Number, And the Meaning of Genesis 1:5 p 582)

Colossians Ch. 1 Translation Work.

Colossians 1:1-2

These first two verses are rather straight forward. I did make some changes to my earlier translation though.

1.Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ καὶ Τιμόθεος ὁ ἀδελφὸς
Paul an apostle of Christ Jesus, by the will of God, and Timothy our brother.

- διὰ is translated "by" with used with the genetive θελήματος θεοῦ expresses agency.
- ὁ ἀδελφὸς is translated "our brother" instead of "the Brother" for a smoother English reading.

2 τοῖς ἐν Κολοσσαῖς ἁγίοις καὶ πιστοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἐν Χριστῷ· χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν.

To the holy and faithful brothers (and sisters,) in Christ at Colossae. Grace to you, and peace from God our Father.

- ἁγίοις is translated as "holy" instead of "saints" to point more directly to the Greek without the detour through the Latin Sanctus.
- (and sisters,) is to convey to the modern reader that Paul is addressing the whole church when he says, "brothers" while the parenthesis themselves signal to the reader that these particular words are not in the text itself.
- ἀπὸ is with the genative is translated "from" showing "God our Father" as the source of Paul's blessing.

Colossians 1:3-4

3. Εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ θεῷ πατρὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν προσευχόμενοι

We give thanks to God the Father of our Lord, Jesus Christ, always praying for you,

- Εὐχαριστοῦμεν (εὐχαριστέω verb - to give thanks) present active indicative plural "We give thanks".
- περὶ with the genetive can be translated as "for" showing advantage/representaion.

4. ἀκούσαντες τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην ἣν ἔχετε εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους

having heard about your faith in Christ Jesus, and the love that you have for all the Holy Ones,

- ἀκούσαντες (ἀκούω verb - to listen) Aorist Active Participle Nominative Masculine Plural. "(We) having heard"

- εἰς with the accusative can be translated "for" showing reference.

Colossians 1:5 -8

5. διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ἣν προηκούσατε ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας τοῦ εὐαγγελίου

because of the hope stored up for you in the heavens, which you had heard about in the True Word, The Gospel

- διὰ with the accusative case can be translated "because" showing causation.
- ἀποκειμένην (ἀπόκειμαι verb = reserved, stored up) Present Middle (Passive,) Participle Feminine Accusative singular - "stored up."
- προηκούσατε (προακούω verb = I hear beforehand) Aorist Active Indicative 2nd Person Plural - "you have heard before
- ἐν with the dative translated "in" showing content.

6. τοῦ παρόντος εἰς ὑμᾶς, καθὼς καὶ ἐν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστὶν καρποφορούμενον καὶ αὐξανόμενον καθὼς καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν, ἀφ’ ἧς ἡμέρας ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐπέγνωτε τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ·

. . which came to you.

Just as it's baring fruit and increasing in the whole world, so it is also among you, since you've heard and have truly understood God's grace.

- παρόντος (πάρειμι verb = I have come). Present active Participle Genitive Neuter Singular
- καρποφορούμενον (καρποφορέω verb = I bear fruit). Present Middle Participle Nominative Neuter Singular - "it is bearing fruit"
- τοῦ παρόντος εἰς ὑμᾶς: I think this expression belongs with the previous verse, making τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τοῦ παρόντος εἰς ὑμᾶς "the Gospel which came to you" complete the previous thought.
- The two occurrences of καθὼς, I have rendered "just as," and "so also," because the author is clearly making a comparison and because of English style differences.
- ἀφ’ ἧς ἡμέρας "from the day" - has been rendered "since"
- ἐπέγνωτε - ἀληθείᾳ is rendered "truly understood" because ἀληθείᾳ , is in agreement with and clearly modifying ἐπέγνωτε. To understand something "in truth," is modern English is to truly understand.
- τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ is rendered God's grace, instead of the wooden Grace of God.

7. καθὼς ἐμάθετε ἀπὸ Ἐπαφρᾶ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς ἐστιν πιστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν διάκονος τοῦ Χριστοῦ

Just as you learned from our beloved, fellow bondservant, Epaphras, who is a faithful servant of Christ, on your behalf,

8. ὁ καὶ δηλώσας ἡμῖν τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην ἐν πνεύματι.

having made known to us your love in the Spirit.

9. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἀφ’ ἧς ἡμέρας ἠκούσαμεν, οὐ παυόμεθα ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν προσευχόμενοι καὶ αἰτούμενοι ἵνα πληρωθῆτε τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ συνέσει πνευματικῇ,

and because of this, ever since we heard of it, we have not stopped praying for you, asking that you might be filled with the knowledge of his will - with complete wisdom and spiritual understanding.

Διὰ with the accusative case can be translated "because" showing causation.
παυόμεθα (παύω verb = I cease) aorist active indicative first person plural. "We have ceased".
αἰτούμενοι (αἰτέω verb = I ask) present middle participle nominative masculine plural. "asking".
πληρωθῆτε (πληρόω verb = I fill) accusative passive subjuctive second person plural - "you might be filled).
συνέσει noun dative feminine singular. "understanding".

10. περιπατῆσαι ἀξίως τοῦ κυρίου εἰς πᾶσαν ἀρεσκείαν ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ καρποφοροῦντες καὶ αὐξανόμενοι τῇ ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ,

in order to Walk worthily of the Lord, totally delighting him: bearing fruit in every good work, and and growing in the knowledge of God.

ἀξίως adv, "worthily"
ἀρεσκείαν noun, accusative feminine singular
αὐξανόμενοι (αὐξάνω verb = I cause to increase,) present middle participle, nominative masculine plural "increasing".

11. ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει δυναμούμενοι κατὰ τὸ κράτος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ εἰς πᾶσαν ὑπομονὴν καὶ μακροθυμίαν μετὰ χαρᾶς,

being powerfully strengthened, by his glorious might, for complete patience and endurance - with joy.

ἐν with dative (instrumental) = "by" or "with"
ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει δυναμούμενοι = Instead of "strengthened with all power" this thought is rendered "powerfully strengthened".

12. εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ πατρὶ τῷ ἱκανώσαντι ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν μερίδα τοῦ κλήρου τῶν ἁγίων ἐν τῷ φωτί,

giving thanks to the Father who has made us qualified for the holy one's share of inheritance in the light.

ἱκανώσαντι (ἱκανόω verb "I make sufficent," "I render fit," "I qualify," ) accusative active participle, dative masculine singular. "(He) having qualified (us)"
κλήρου noun, genetive masculine singular

13. ὃς ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους καὶ μετέστησεν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ,

He has delivered us from the dominion of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of his beloved Son.

ὃς "who" is rendered "he" reintroducing the subject in order to start a new sentence. This is for better English flow.
ἐξουσίας noun genative masclilne singlular "dominion"
μετέστησεν (μεθίστημι verb, "I transfer") aorist active indicative, third person singular "He has delivered us"

14. ἐν ᾧ ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν, τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν·

in whom we have redeption the forgiveness of sins.

ἀπολύτρωσιν noun accusative feminine singular "redemption"
ἄφεσιν noun accusative feminie singular "forgiveness"




15 ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου, πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως,

(Jesus Christ) who is the image of the unseen God,
firstborn of all creation.

- Jesus Christ is the subject. I believe it is clearer in English to add this at the beginning of a new sentence, this allows us to retain the original pronoun "who" instead of changing the first word to "He".

- ἀοράτου (ἀόρατος, ον: adjective = invisible, unseen) genitive masculine singular.

16 ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, τὰ ὁρατὰ καὶ τὰ ἀόρατα, εἴτε θρόνοι εἴτε κυριότητες εἴτε ἀρχαὶ εἴτε ἐξουσίαι· τὰ πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἔκτισται·

since all things were created by him -
in the heavens and on the earth,
the seen and the unseen,
whether thrones or dominions,
whether rulers or authorities,
All things were created by him and for him.

- ἐν with dative, can be translated "by" as in instrumental dative.

- ἐκτίσθη (κτίζω v. "I create, form, shape, make.") Aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular. "He Created"

17 καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν πρὸ πάντων καὶ τὰ πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκεν,

He is before all things,
and in him all things hold together.

18 καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ σώματος τῆς ἐκκλησίας· ὅς ἐστιν ἀρχή, πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, ἵνα γένηται ἐν πᾶσιν αὐτὸς πρωτεύων,

He is the head of the body, the church.
He is the beginning,
Firstborn from among the dead,
so that he might hold pre-eminance in all things.

- ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ – properly, from the beginning (temporal sense), i.e. "the initial (starting) point"; (figuratively) what comes first and therefore is chief (foremost), i.e. has the priority because ahead of the rest ("preeminent"). Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular.

- πρωτότοκος, ον - prōtótokos (from prṓtos, "first, pre-eminent" and tíktō, "bring forth") – properly, first in time (Mt 1:25; Lk 2:7); hence, pre-eminent (Col 1:15; Rev 1:5).Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular.

- πρωτεύων (πρωτεύω verb = I have preeminence, am chief). Present active participle, nominative masculine singular.

19 ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ εὐδόκησεν πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα κατοικῆσαι

because in him, God was pleased in all His fullness to dwell.

- εὐδόκησεν (εὐδοκέω v. = I am resolved, well pleased). Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd person singular. "he was pleased"

- κατοικῆσαι (κατοικέω v. = to dwell" Aorist, active, infinitive - "to dwell".

20 καὶ δι’ αὐτοῦ ἀποκαταλλάξαι τὰ πάντα εἰς αὐτόν, εἰρηνοποιήσας διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ, εἴτε τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἴτε τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·

and by him to reconcile all things to himself, having made peace by the blood of his cross - both on earth and in the heavens.

- δι’ with genitive can be translated "by" showing agency.

- ἀποκαταλλάξαι (ἀποκαταλλάσσω, verb to reconcile,) aorist active infinitive

- εἴτε . . . εἴτε (εἴτεv = and, if, whether) I chose to translate "whether on earth, whether in the heavens" as "both on earth and in the heavens" because the author is clearly saying whether it is here or there - Christ has reconciled all things.

21 καὶ ὑμᾶς ποτε ὄντας ἀπηλλοτριωμένους καὶ ἐχθροὺς τῇ διανοίᾳ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς πονηροῖς

"Once you lived alienated, and mentally opposed (to God,) in your evil deeds,"

- ἀπηλλοτριωμένους (v-perfect middle participle, accusative masculine plural from ἀπαλλοτριόομαι: I alienate). Should be translated "being alienated" or as I have it "lived alienated."

- ἐχθροὺς (adj.Accusative, Masculine, Plural. From ἐχθρός, ά, όν) = hatred, hostile, enemy

- διανοίᾳ (N. Dat, Fem, Sing. From διάνοια, ας, ἡ) = mind.

22 νυνὶ δὲ ἀποκατηλλάγητε ἐν τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ διὰ τοῦ θανάτου— παραστῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους καὶ ἀνεγκλήτους κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ,

"but now he has reconciled you, in his fleshly body - through death, to present you before Him (God), holy, spotless, and irreprochable."

- ἀποκατηλλάγητε (v.Aor,act,ind - 3S from ἀποκαταλλάσσω - I reconcile). Should be translated "he has reconciled".

διὰ - With the genetive expressing Means - "though death"

- παραστῆσαι (v. Aor,inf,act. from παρίστημι - I bring, I present). Should be translated "to present"

- ἀμώμους (adj. AMP from ἄμωμος, ον) = spotless)

- ἀνεγκλήτους (adj.AMP from ἀνέγκλητος, ον) = irreproachable

- κατενώπιον (prep.) = "before." Properly, "down in the eye," i.e. in someone's direct, concentrated gaze; "in the very presence of," especially being "in the very full (decisive) presence of" (S. Zodhiates, Dict).

23 εἴ γε ἐπιμένετε τῇ πίστει τεθεμελιωμένοι καὶ ἑδραῖοι καὶ μὴ μετακινούμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς ἐλπίδος τοῦ εὐαγγελίου οὗ ἠκούσατε, τοῦ κηρυχθέντος ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει τῇ ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν, οὗ ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ Παῦλος διάκονος.

"if indeed you persist in the faith being grounded and standing firm, not being removed from the hope of the Gospel, which you have heard - which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven, and of which, I Paul, have become a minister."

- γε = an enclitic, emphasizing particle: at least, indeed, really, but generally too subtle to be represented in English.

- ἐπιμένετε (v. PAI -2P ἐπιμένω = I remain, I persist) = "you continue".

- τεθεμελιωμένοι (Perf.M.P - NMP, from v. θεμελιόω = I found, I lay the foundation). = "being grounded".

- ἑδραῖοι (adj. NMP) = sitting, seated, steadfast, firm.

- μετακινούμενοι (v. PMP-NMP, from μετακινέω = I move away, dislodge, remove)

- κηρυχθέντος (v. APP-NMS. κηρύσσω = I proclaim, I Herald, I preach) = having been proclaimed - I opted for "which was proclaimed"

24 Νῦν χαίρω ἐν τοῖς παθήμασιν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, καὶ ἀνταναπληρῶ τὰ ὑστερήματα τῶν θλίψεων τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου ὑπὲρ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία,

Now I rejoice in suffering for you, and I am filling up, in my flesh, that which is lacking of Christ's tribulations, for his body - which is the church;

- παθήμασιν (N-DNP. πάθημα, ατος, τό) = "sufferings" but I chose the singular form for better expression in english.

- ἀνταναπληρῶ (V_PAI-1S. ἀνταναπληρόω = "I fill up, I complete."). = "I am filling up"

- ὑστερήματα (N-ANP. ὑστέρημα, ατος, τό) = "that which is lacking."

- θλίψεων (N-GFP. θλῖψις, εως, ἡ) = "tribulations."

25 ἧς ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ διάκονος κατὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς πληρῶσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ,

"of which I have become a minister, according to God's administration, having been given to me for you, to complete God's Word."

- ἐγενόμην (V-AMI-3S. γίνομαι = I become).= "I have become"

- οἰκονομίαν (N-AFS. οἰκονομία, ας, ἡ).= "stewardship," "administration."

- δοθεῖσάν (V-APP-AFS. δίδωμι - "I offer," "I give.") = "having been given"

- πληρῶσαι (V-AAI) = to complete

26 τὸ μυστήριον τὸ ἀποκεκρυμμένον ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γενεῶν,— νῦν δὲ ἐφανερώθη τοῖς ἁγίοις αὐτοῦ,

- ἀποκεκρυμμένον (V-PMP-ANS. ἀποκρύπτω - I hide, I conceal.) = Having been hidden.

"the mystery hidden from ages, and generations, but now made manifest to His holy ones,"

27 οἷς ἠθέλησεν ὁ θεὸς γνωρίσαι τί τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τοῦ μυστηρίου τούτου ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ὅ ἐστιν Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν, ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς δόξης·

"To whom God desired to reveal the riches of this glorious mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ you - the hope of glory"

- ἠθέλησεν (V-AAI-3S. θέλω = "I will," "I wish," "I desire".
- γνωρίσαι (V-AAI) = "to reveal"


28 ὃν ἡμεῖς καταγγέλλομεν νουθετοῦντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον καὶ διδάσκοντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ, ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον τέλειον ἐν Χριστῷ·

"whom we proclaim, admonishing each person, and teaching every person in all wisdom, so that we might present each person complete in Christ."

- νουθετοῦντες (V-PAP-NMP. νουθετέω = I admonish, councel, exhort, warn.) = "(we) admonishing."

- παραστήσωμεν (V-AAS-1P. παρίστημι "I Bring, present") = "that we might present"

- τέλειον (ADJ-AMS) = Perfect, Complete

29 εἰς ὃ καὶ κοπιῶ ἀγωνιζόμενος κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐνεργουμένην ἐν ἐμοὶ ἐν δυνάμει.

"Toward this I work exhaustively, striving according to his divine power working powerfully within me."

- κοπιῶ (V-PAI-1S. κοπιάω - I grow weary, I toil) = work exhaustively

- ἀγωνιζόμενος (V-PMO-NMS. ἀγωνίζομαι - I strive, I contend) = striving

- ἐνέργειαν (N-AFS. ἐνέργεια, ας, ἡ - working, activity used in the NT only pertaining to supernatural power.) = divine power

- ἐνεργουμένην (V-PMP-AFS. ἐνεργέω - I work, I accomplish, I am operative) = working (through divine agency).

Mark Ch. 3 Translation Work

1 Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν πάλιν εἰς συναγωγήν, καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἄνθρωπος ἐξηραμμένην ἔχων τὴν χεῖρα.

"Again he entered into the synagogue, and there was a man there with a withered hand."

- εἰσῆλθεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - εἰσέρχομαι) = he entered.
- ἐξηραμμένην (v perfect middle participle, accusitive feminine singular- ξηραίνω) = withered, dried up, wasted away).

2 καὶ παρετήρουν αὐτὸν εἰ τοῖς σάββασιν θεραπεύσει αὐτόν, ἵνα κατηγορήσωσιν αὐτοῦ.

"And they were watchning him, to see whether he would heal him on the Sabbath, so they might accuse him."

- παρετήρουν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - παρατηρέω) = they were watching
- θεραπεύσει (v future active indicitive, 3rd person singular - θεραπεύω) = he will heal
- κατηγορήσωσιν (v aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - κατηγορέω) = they might accuse

3 καὶ λέγει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἔχοντι ξηράν· Ἔγειρε εἰς τὸ μέσον.

"And he said to the man with the withered hand, 'Get up here in front of everyone'"

- ξηράν (adj accustive feminine singular - ξηρός, ά, όν) = withered
- εἰς τὸ μέσον (literally "In the midst, or in the middle." Jesus called him to a place where everyone could see him.

4 καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ἔξεστιν τοῖς σάββασιν ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι, ψυχὴν σῶσαι ἢ ἀποκτεῖναι; οἱ δὲ ἐσιώπων.

"and he said to them, 'is it lawful on the Sabbath, to do good or to do evil? To save life,' or to kill? but they were silent."

- ἀγαθοποιῆσαι (v aorist active infinitive - ἀγαθοποιέω) = to do good
- κακοποιῆσαι (v aorist active infinitive - κακοποιέω) = to do evil
- ἀποκτεῖναι (v aorist active infinitive - ἀποκτείνω) = to kill
- ἐσιώπων (v imperfect active indictive - 3rd person plural - σιωπάω) = they were silent

5 καὶ περιβλεψάμενος αὐτοὺς μετ’ ὀργῆς, συλλυπούμενος ἐπὶ τῇ πωρώσει τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν, λέγει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ· Ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρα· καὶ ἐξέτεινεν, καὶ ἀπεκατεστάθη ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ.

"Looking around at them angrily, beause he was grieved at their hardheartedness, he said to the man 'Stretch out your hand.' And he stretched it out, and his hand was restored."

- περιβλεψάμενος (v aorist middle participle, nominitive masculine singular - περιβλέπομαι) = having looked around
- ὀργῆς (n genitive feminine singular - ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ) = anger
- συλλυπούμενος (v present middle participle, nominitive masculine singular - συλλυπέομαι) = being grieved
- πωρώσει (n dative feminine singular - πώρωσις, εως, ἡ) = hardness
- Ἔκτεινον (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ἐκτείνω) = stretch out
- ἐξέτεινεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐκτείνω) = he stretched out
- ἀπεκατεστάθη (v aorist passive indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀποκαθίστημι) = he was restored

6 καὶ ἐξελθόντες οἱ Φαρισαῖοι εὐθὺς μετὰ τῶν Ἡρῳδιανῶν συμβούλιον ἐδίδουν κατ’ αὐτοῦ ὅπως αὐτὸν ἀπολέσωσιν.

"When he left, the Pharisees immediately began to conspire with the Herodians, how they might kill him."

- συμβούλιον (n accusitive neuter singular - ) = counsel "συμβούλιον ἐδίδουν κατ’" to take counsel against is here rendered "Conspire"
- ἐδίδουν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - δίδωμι) = took
- ἀπολέσωσιν (v aorist active subjubctive, 3rd person plural - ἀπόλλυμι) = they might kill, they might destroy

7a Καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ἀνεχώρησεν πρὸς τὴν θάλασσαν· καὶ πολὺ πλῆθος ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἠκολούθησεν,

"And Jesus withdrew, with his disciples, to the sea, and a great multitude from Galilee followed."

- ἀνεχώρησε (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀναχωρέω) = he withdrew
- πλῆθος (n nominitive neuter singular - πλῆθος, ους, τό) = multitude (yes "multitude" is singular).
- ἠκολούθησεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀκολουθέω) = it followed

7b καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας,
8 καὶ ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου καὶ περὶ Τύρον καὶ Σιδῶνα, πλῆθος πολύ, ἀκούοντες ὅσα ἐποίει ἦλθον πρὸς αὐτόν.

"And from Judea, Jerusalem, Idumea, beyond the Jordan, and around Tyre and Sidon, a great crowd came to him, having heard about how much he was doing."

- πέραν (prep) = beyond
- ὅσα (relative pronoun accusitive neuter plural - ὅσος, η, ον) = how much

9 καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ἵνα πλοιάριον προσκαρτερῇ αὐτῷ διὰ τὸν ὄχλον ἵνα μὴ θλίβωσιν αὐτόν·

"He told his disciples to prepare a boat for him, because of the crowd, so they would not hem him in."

- εἶπεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ) = he spoke.

(denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command.

The word εἶπεν here is taken in the sense of an order, "he told his disciples".

- πλοιάριον (n nominitive neuter singular - πλοιάριον, ου, τό) = boat
- διὰ (prep with accusitive) showing cause
- θλίβωσιν (v present active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - θλίβω) = they might press upon, hem in

10 πολλοὺς γὰρ ἐθεράπευσεν, ὥστε ἐπιπίπτειν αὐτῷ ἵνα αὐτοῦ ἅψωνται ὅσοι εἶχον μάστιγας.

"He had healed many, so those with diseases were crowd around him to try and touch him."

- πολλοὺς (adj accusitive masculine plural - πολύς, πολλή, πολύ) = many
- ἐθεράπευσεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - θεραπεύω) = he healed
- ἐπιπίπτειν (v present active infinitive - ἐπιπίπτω) = light upon, gather around, here I translated this "crowd around".
- ἅψωνται (v aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person plural - ἅπτομαι) = they might touch
- μάστιγας (n accusitive feminine plural - μάστιξ, ιγος, ἡ) = diseases

11 καὶ τὰ πνεύματα τὰ ἀκάθαρτα, ὅταν αὐτὸν ἐθεώρουν, προσέπιπτον αὐτῷ καὶ ἔκραζον λέγοντα ὅτι Σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ.

"And when the unclean spirits saw him, they fell down before him, and cried out, saying 'you are the Son of God.'"

- ἀκάθαρτα (adj - nominitive neuter plural - ἀκάθαρτος, ον) = unclean
- ἐθεώρουν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - θεωρέω) = they saw
- ἔκραζον (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - κράζω) = cried

12 καὶ πολλὰ ἐπετίμα αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ αὐτὸν φανερὸν ποιήσωσιν.

"And he rebuked them severely, so they would not reveal him."

- ἐπετίμα (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐπιτιμάω) = he rebuked

13 Καὶ ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὸ ὄρος καὶ προσκαλεῖται οὓς ἤθελεν αὐτός, καὶ ἀπῆλθον πρὸς αὐτόν.

"Jesus went up on the mountain and called to himself those he wanted; and they went to him."

- ἀναβαίνει (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀναβαίνω) = he goes up
- προσκαλεῖται (v present middle imperative, 3rd person singular - προσκαλέω) = calls to himself
- ἤθελεν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - θέλω) = He wanted

14 καὶ ἐποίησεν δώδεκα, ἵνα ὦσιν μετ’ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἵνα ἀποστέλλῃ αὐτοὺς κηρύσσειν

"And he appointed twelve, so that they might be with him, and so that he might send them to preach."

- ἐποίησεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ποιέω) = he made (rendered here as "appointed").
- κηρύσσειν (v present active infinitive - κηρύσσω) = to preach

15 καὶ ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν ἐκβάλλειν τὰ δαιμόνια·

"and to have power to cast out demons."

16 καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς δώδεκα, καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ὄνομα τῷ Σίμωνι Πέτρον,

"And he appointed the twelve; Simon, to whom he gave the name Peter."

- ἐπέθηκεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐπιτίθημι) = he added, he put, he placed, or in this case "he gave".

17 καὶ Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Ἰακώβου (καὶ ἐπέθηκεν αὐτοῖς ὀνόματα Βοανηργές, ὅ ἐστιν Υἱοὶ Βροντῆς),

"Jacob the son of Zebadee and his brother John, to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is sons of Thunder"

- Βοανηργές, (n accusitive masculine plural) = Boanergés – an Aramaic term transliterated from two Semitic roots: bēn ("sons") and regesh ("of thunder, tumult"; see Strong's OT #1123, 7285). See link to an interesting article that proposes boanerges means something like "loudmouths" or "windbags" (below).
- Βροντῆς (n genitive feminine singular - βροντή, ῆς, ἡ) = of thunder

18 καὶ Ἀνδρέαν καὶ Φίλιππον καὶ Βαρθολομαῖον καὶ Μαθθαῖον καὶ Θωμᾶν καὶ Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ἁλφαίου καὶ Θαδδαῖον καὶ Σίμωνα τὸν Καναναῖον

"Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, Jacob the the son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, and Simon the Zealot.

- Καναναῖον (n accusitive masculine singular - Κανανίτης, ου, ὁ) = Is a transliteration of the Hebrew word קנאי qanai, meaning zealous, into Greek. It is the version of the title ascribed to Simon in Mark 3:10, and Matthew 10:4. It is the equivalent of the Greek word ζηλωτής (Zealot,) Luke 6:15, Acts 1:13.

Jerome and others mistook the word to signify the apostle was from the town of קנה Cana, in which case his epithet would have been "Kanaios", or even from the region of כנען Canaan.[citation needed] As such, the translation of the word as "the Cananite" or "the Canaanite" is traditional and without contemporary extra-canonic parallel.

(Above explanation is from WIkipedia and needs verification).

19 καὶ Ἰούδαν Ἰσκαριώθ, ὃς καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτόν.

"and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him."

- παρέδωκεν (v accusitive active indicitive, 3rd person singular - παραδίδωμι) = he betrayed
(example of range = handed over, pledged, delivered, commended, abandoned).

20 Καὶ ἔρχεται εἰς οἶκον· καὶ συνέρχεται πάλιν ὁ ὄχλος, ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς μηδὲ ἄρτον φαγεῖν.

"Then he came to a house, and a crowd came together again, so that they were not even able to eat a simple meal."

- ἔρχεται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person singular - ἔρχομαι) = he comes
- συνέρχεται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person singular - συνέρχομαι) = it comes together
- ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς μηδὲ ἄρτον φαγεῖν. Literally, "So that they were not even able to eat bread." I translate as "So they were not even able to eat a simple meal." which I think is the sentiment being expressed. The other option being that they were not able to eat any meal. But that could have been rendered "So they were not able to eat. without the mention of bread."

21 καὶ ἀκούσαντες οἱ παρ’ αὐτοῦ ἐξῆλθον κρατῆσαι αὐτόν, ἔλεγον γὰρ ὅτι ἐξέστη.

"Having heard of this, his relatives came to take custody of him, saying 'he's actually lost his mind'.

- ἀκούσαντες (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural - ἀκούω) = having heard of of it.
- παρ (pep) with the genitive showing origin.
- ἐξῆλθον (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἐξέρχομαι) = they went out
- κρατῆσαι (v aorist active infinitive - κρατέω) = to seize, to take custody
- ἔλεγον (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - λέγω) = they said
- ἐξέστη (v accusitive active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐξίστημι) = He is out of his mind.

22 καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς οἱ ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων καταβάντες ἔλεγον ὅτι Βεελζεβοὺλ ἔχει καὶ ὅτι ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια.

"And the scribes, having come down from Jerusalem, said 'he has Beelzebul, and by the prince of demons he casts out demons.'"

- καταβάντες (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural - καταβαίνω) = having come down
- ἄρχοντι (n dative masculine singular - ἄρχων, οντος, ὁ) = prince
- ἐκβάλλει (v pesent active infinitive, 3rd person singular - ἐκβάλλω) = he casts out

23 καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος αὐτοὺς ἐν παραβολαῖς ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Πῶς δύναται Σατανᾶς Σατανᾶν ἐκβάλλειν;

"and having called them to himself, he spoke to them in parables saying, 'How can Satan cast out Satan?'"

- προσκαλεσάμενος (n dative feminine plural - παραβολή, ῆς, ἡ) = parables

24 καὶ ἐὰν βασιλεία ἐφ’ ἑαυτὴν μερισθῇ, οὐ δύναται σταθῆναι ἡ βασιλεία ἐκείνη·

"and if a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand."

25 καὶ ἐὰν οἰκία ἐφ’ ἑαυτὴν μερισθῇ, οὐ δυνήσεται ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη σταθῆναι·

"and if a house is divided against itself , that house cannot stand."

- ἐφ (prep) = against
- μερισθῇ (v aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - μερίζω) = it is divided

- σταθῆναι (v aorist passive infinitive - ἵστημι) = to stand

26 καὶ εἰ ὁ Σατανᾶς ἀνέστη ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἐμερίσθη, οὐ δύναται στῆναι ἀλλὰ τέλος ἔχει.

"and if Satan has risen up against himself and has been divided, he cannot stand, but is done for."

- ἀνέστη (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀνίστημι) = he has risen up.
- ἐμερίσθη (v aorist perfect indicitive, 3rd person singular - μερίζω) = he has been divided

27 ἀλλ’ οὐδεὶς δύναται εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἰσχυροῦ εἰσελθὼν τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ διαρπάσαι ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον τὸν ἰσχυρὸν δήσῃ, καὶ τότε τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ διαρπάσει.

"But no one can enter the house of the strong man to steal his posessions, unless he has bound the strong man first; then he will plunder his house."

- ἰσχυροῦ (adj genitive masculine singular - ἰσχυρός, ά, όν) = strong man
- εἰσελθὼν (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - εἰσέρχομαι) = having entered
- σκεύη (n accusitive neuter plural - σκεῦος, ους, τό) = goods
- διαρπάσαι (v aorist active infinitive - διαρπάζω) = to plunder
- δήσῃ (v aorist active subjuctive, 3rd person singular - δέω) = he binds
- διαρπάσει (v future active indicitive, 3rd person singular - διαρπάζω) = he will plunder

28 Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πάντα ἀφεθήσεται τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, τὰ ἁμαρτήματα καὶ αἱ βλασφημίαι ὅσα ἐὰν βλασφημήσωσιν·

"Truly I say to you that all the sins and blasphemies of the sons of men will be forgiven, as many as they have blasphemed will be forgiven."

- ἀφεθήσεται (v future perfect indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀφίημι) = will be forgiven.
- ὅσα (rel pronoun accusitive neuter plural - ὅσος, η, ον) = as many as

29 ὃς δ’ ἂν βλασφημήσῃ εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, οὐκ ἔχει ἄφεσιν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, ἀλλὰ ἔνοχός ἐστιν αἰωνίου ἁμαρτήματος.

"But whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven, for all eternity, but is guilty of an eternal sin.

- βλασφημήσῃ (v aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - ) = blasphemes

30 ὅτι ἔλεγον· Πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον ἔχει.

"because they said, 'he has an unclen spirit."

- ἀκάθαρτον (adj accusitive neuter singular - ἀκάθαρτος, ον) = unclean

31 Καὶ ἔρχονται ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔξω στήκοντες ἀπέστειλαν πρὸς αὐτὸν καλοῦντες αὐτόν.

"and his mother and brothers arrived, and standing outside, sent word to him."

- ἔρχονται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person plural - ἔρχομαι) = they arrive
- ἔξω (adv) = outside
- στήκοντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - στήκω) = standing
- ἀπέστειλαν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἀποστέλλω) = they sent
- καλοῦντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - καλέω) = calling

32 καὶ ἐκάθητο περὶ αὐτὸν ὄχλος, καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· Ἰδοὺ ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω ζητοῦσίν σε.

"and a crowd sat around him, and they said to him, 'look, your mother, your brothers are outside looking for you.'"

- ἐκάθητο (v imperfect middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - κάθημαι) = it sat
- ζητοῦσίν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ζητέω) = they are seeking

33 καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτοῖς λέγει· Τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου ἢ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου;
"and answering them he says, who are my mother, and my brothers?"

- ἀποκριθεὶς (v aorist passive participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἀποκρίνομαι) = He answering.

34 καὶ περιβλεψάμενος τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν κύκλῳ καθημένους λέγει· Ἴδε ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου·

"and having looked around at those who were sitting around him in a circle, he said 'Look around, here are my mother, and my brothers!"

- περιβλεψάμενος (v aorist middle participle, nominitive masculine singular - περιβλέπομαι) = having lookd around in
- περὶ (prep) = around
- κύκλῳ (adv - κύκλος, ου, ὁ) = in a circle
- καθημένους (v present middle particple, accusitive masculine plural - κάθημαι) = they were sitting

35 ὃς γὰρ ἂν ποιήσῃ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗτος ἀδελφός μου καὶ ἀδελφὴ καὶ μήτηρ ἐστίν.

"For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother, and sister and mother."

33 καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτοῖς λέγει· Τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου ἢ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου;
"and answering them he says, who are my mother, and my brothers?"

- ἀποκριθεὶς (v aorist passive participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἀποκρίνομαι) = He answering.

34 καὶ περιβλεψάμενος τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν κύκλῳ καθημένους λέγει· Ἴδε ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου·

"and having looked around at those who were sitting around him in a circle, he said 'Look around, here are my mother, and my brothers!"

- περιβλεψάμενος (v aorist middle participle, nominitive masculine singular - περιβλέπομαι) = having lookd around in
- περὶ (prep) = around
- κύκλῳ (adv - κύκλος, ου, ὁ) = in a circle
- καθημένους (v present middle particple, accusitive masculine plural - κάθημαι) = they were sitting

35 ὃς γὰρ ἂν ποιήσῃ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗτος ἀδελφός μου καὶ ἀδελφὴ καὶ μήτηρ ἐστίν.

"For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother, and sister and mother."

Mark Ch. 2 Translation Work

1 Καὶ εἰσελθὼν πάλιν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ δι’ ἡμερῶν ἠκούσθη ὅτι ἐν οἴκῳ ἐστίν·

"After several days Jesus entered into Capernaum again, and people heard that he had come home."

- εἰσελθὼν (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - εἰσέρχομαι) = he having entered
- πάλιν (adv) again

2 καὶ συνήχθησαν πολλοὶ ὥστε μηκέτι χωρεῖν μηδὲ τὰ πρὸς τὴν θύραν, καὶ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον.

"And many people were gathered together, so there was no more space, not even at the door, and he spoke the Word to them."

- συνήχθησαν (v aorist passive indicitive, 3rd person - συνάγω) = they were gathered together
- μηκέτι (adv) = no more
- χωρεῖν (v present active infinitive - χωρέω) = to have space
- θύραν (n accusitive feminine singular - v) = door
- ἐλάλει (v imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - λαλέω) = he was speaking

3 καὶ ἔρχονται φέροντες πρὸς αὐτὸν παραλυτικὸν αἰρόμενον ὑπὸ τεσσάρων.

"and some men came to him bringing a paralytic, carried by four of them."

- ἔρχονται (v present middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἔρχομαι) = they come
- φέροντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - φέρω) = bringing
- παραλυτικὸν (adj accusitive masculine singular - παραλυτικός, ή, όν) = a paralytic
- αἰρόμενον (v present middle participle, accusitive masculine singular - αἴρω) = being carried

4 καὶ μὴ δυνάμενοι προσενέγκαι αὐτῷ διὰ τὸν ὄχλον ἀπεστέγασαν τὴν στέγην ὅπου ἦν, καὶ ἐξορύξαντες χαλῶσι τὸν κράβαττον ὅπου ὁ παραλυτικὸς κατέκειτο.

"and they were not able to come near him because of the crowd. They removed the roof where he was, and having broken it up they lowered the pallet on which the paralytic man was laying."

- προσενέγκαι (v aorist active infinitive - προσφέρω) = to come near
- ἀπεστέγασαν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀποστεγάζω) = they removed
- στέγην (n accusitive feminine singular - στέγη, ης, ἡ) = roof
- ὅπου (adv) = where
- ἐξορύξαντες (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural - ἐξορύσσω) = having broken up.
- χαλῶσι (v perfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - χαλάω) = they let down
- κράβαττον (n accusitive masculine singular - κράβαττος, ου, ὁ) = pallet
- κατέκειτο (v imperitive middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - κατάκειμαι) = he was lying

5 καὶ ἰδὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ· Τέκνον, ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι.

"When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, 'son, your sins are forgiven.'"

- Τέκνον (n vocative neuter singular - τέκνον, ου, τό) - son
- ἀφίενταί (v present middle indicative, 3rd person plural - ἀφίημι) = they are forgiven

6 ἦσαν δέ τινες τῶν γραμματέων ἐκεῖ καθήμενοι καὶ διαλογιζόμενοι ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν·

"Now there were also some Scribes sitting there, and they were reasoning in their hearts."

- καθήμενοι (v present middle participle, nominitive masculine plural - κάθημαι) = they were sitting
- διαλογιζόμενοι (v present middle participle, nominitive masculine plural - διαλογίζομαι) = they were reasoning

7 Τί οὗτος οὕτως λαλεῖ; βλασφημεῖ· τίς δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός;

"Why does this man speak like this. He Blasphemes. Who except God is able to forgive sins?"

(A more literal rendering would be "who is able to forgive sins, if not one, God.")

8 καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ ὅτι οὕτως διαλογίζονται ἐν ἑαυτοῖς λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τί ταῦτα διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν;

"Suddenly Jesus, having discerned in his spirit that they were thinking these things said to them, "why do you think these things in your hearts?"

- ἐπιγνοὺς (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἐπιγινώσκω) = having discerned, having recognized.
- διαλογίζονται (v present middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - διαλογίζομαι) = reasoning (with), debating (with), considering
- ἐν (prep) The dative suggests spatial (within themselves,) or relational (among themselves,) use of the preposition. Mark's use of the expression ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν suggests the former.

9 τί ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν τῷ παραλυτικῷ· Ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν· Ἔγειρε καὶ ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου καὶ περιπάτει;

"which is easier, to say to the paralytic 'your sins are forgiven,' or to say 'get up, pick up your mat and walk?'"

- εὐκοπώτερον (adj. nominitive neuter singular - comparative - εὐκοπώτερον) = easier
- εἰπεῖν (v aorist active infinitive - λέγω) = to say
- ἆρον (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - αἴρω) = pick up
- κράβαττόν (n accusitive masculine singular - κράβαττος, ου, ὁ) = mat

10 ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας— λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ·

"but in order that you may know that the Son of Man has power upon the earth to forgive sins," he said to the paralytic,

11 Σοὶ λέγω, ἔγειρε ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου.

"to you I say, 'Get Up, pick up your mat and go home.'"

- ἔγειρε (v present active imperitive, 2nd person singular -ἐγείρω) = get up
- ἆρον (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - αἴρω) = pick up
- ὕπαγε (v present active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ὑπάγω) = go

12 καὶ ἠγέρθη καὶ εὐθὺς ἄρας τὸν κράβαττον ἐξῆλθεν ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, ὥστε ἐξίστασθαι πάντας καὶ δοξάζειν τὸν θεὸν λέγοντας ὅτι Οὕτως οὐδέποτε εἴδομεν.

"and suddenly he got up, and taking his mat, he left in front of them all. Everyone was amazed and glorified God saying 'we've never seen anything like this.'"

- ἔμπροσθεν (prep.) = in front, before the face
- ἐξίστασθαι (v. present infinitive middle - ἐξίστημι) = to amaze
- οὐδέποτε (adv.) = never
- εἴδομεν (v aorist active infinitive, 1st person plural - ὁράω) = did we see

13 Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν πάλιν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν· καὶ πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος ἤρχετο πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ ἐδίδασκεν αὐτούς.

"Once again he went by the sea, and the whole crowd came to him, and he taught them."

- πάλιν (adv) = again, further, on the other hand.
- ἐδίδασκεν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - διδάσκω) = he taught

14 καὶ παράγων εἶδεν Λευὶν τὸν τοῦ Ἁλφαίου καθήμενον ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ἀκολούθει μοι. καὶ ἀναστὰς ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ.

"and movin on, he saw Levi, Alphaeus' son, sitting at the tax booth, and said to him 'Follow me.' and getting up, he followed him."

- παράγων (v present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - παράγω) = passing by - καθήμενον (v present middle participle, accusitive masculine singular - κάθημαι) = sitting
- τελώνιον (n accusitive neuter singular - τελώνιον, ου, τό) = tax booth
- Ἀκολούθει (v present active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ἀκολουθέω) = follow

15 Καὶ γίνεται κατακεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ πολλοὶ τελῶναι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ συνανέκειντο τῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, ἦσαν γὰρ πολλοὶ καὶ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ.

"And it just so happened, while dining in his house, many tax collecters and sinners were there reclining with Jesus and his disciples, because there were many who followed him,"

- κατακεῖσθαι (v present middle infinitive - κατάκειμαι) = dining
- τελῶναι (n nominitve masculine plural - τελώνης, ου, ὁ) = tax collectors
- συνανέκειντο (v imperfect middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - συνανάκειμαι) = were reclining with
- ἠκολούθουν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἀκολουθέω) = they followed

16 καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς τῶν Φαρισαίων ἰδόντες ὅτι ἐσθίει μετὰ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ τελωνῶν ἔλεγον τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· Ὅτι μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει;

"that the Scribes, and the Pharisees, having seen himi eat with the sinners and tax collectors, said to his disciples, "Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners?"

- ἰδόντες (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural - ὁράω) = having seen
- ἔλεγον (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - λέγω) = said

17 καὶ ἀκούσας ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς ὅτι Οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἰσχύοντες ἰατροῦ ἀλλ’ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες· οὐκ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς.

"Having heard this, Jesus said to them, 'the Healthy have no need for a doctor, those who are sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners."

- χρείαν (n accusitive feminine singular - χρεία, ας, ἡ) = need
- ἰσχύοντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἰσχύω) = having full health, being strong, prevailing
- ἰατροῦ (n genetive masculine singular - ἰατρός, οῦ, ὁ) = physician
- κακῶς (adv) = sick, wretchet, evil, wrognly

18 Καὶ ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύοντες. καὶ ἔρχονται καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· Διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ τῶν Φαρισαίων νηστεύουσιν, οἱ δὲ σοὶ μαθηταὶ οὐ νηστεύουσιν;

"Now the John's disciples, and those of the Pharisees, were fasting; and they came and said to him, 'why do John's disciples, and the disciples of the pharisees fast, but yours do not fast."

- ἦσαν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - εἰμί) = were
- νηστεύοντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - νηστεύω) = fasting

19 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐν ᾧ ὁ νυμφίος μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν νηστεύειν; ὅσον χρόνον ἔχουσιν τὸν νυμφίον μετ’ αὐτῶν οὐ δύνανται νηστεύειν·

"And Jesus said to them, 'how can the groomsmen fast while the groom is with them? They cannot, while he is with them.'"

- Μὴ (adv) = not
- δύνανται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person plural - δύναμαι) = can
- νυμφῶνος (n genitive masculine singular - νυμφών, ῶνος, ὁ) = A Bride Chamber. The expression "υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος" literally means "Sons of the Bridechamber" and is often translated "wedding guests". But I have chosen to translate it as "groomsmen" because wedding guests are often simply spectators.
- νυμφίος (n nominitive masculine singular - νυμφίος, ου, ὁ) = bridegroom

20 ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι ὅταν ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος, καὶ τότε νηστεύσουσιν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ.

"But days will come when the bridgroom will be taken from them, and then in that day, they will fast."

- ἐλεύσονται (v future middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἔρχομαι) = they will come
- ἀπαρθῇ (v aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - ἀπαίρω) = he will be taken
- ἐν (prep.) with dative here to be taken in the temporal sense in, within, while, during
- ἐκείνῃ (Demonstrative Pron. Dative Feminine Singular - ἐκεῖνος, η, ο) = Day

21 Οὐδεὶς ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου ἐπιράπτει ἐπὶ ἱμάτιον παλαιόν· εἰ δὲ μή, αἴρει τὸ πλήρωμα ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ τὸ καινὸν τοῦ παλαιοῦ, καὶ χεῖρον σχίσμα γίνεται.

"No one sews a piece of unshrunken cloth onto an old outfit; because the new cloth will pull away the old, and a worse tear takes place."

- ἐπίβλημα (n accusitive feminine singular - ἐπίβλημα, ατος, τό) = a piece, a patch
- ῥάκους (n genitive neuter singular - ῥάκος, ους, τό) = a piece of cloth, a patch, a remnant
- ἀγνάφου (adj genitive neuter singular - ἄγναφος, ον) = unshrunk
- ἐπιράπτει (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐπιρράπτω) = sews
- παλαιόν (adj accusitive neuter singular - παλαιός, ά, όν) = old
- αἴρει (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - αἴρω) = tears away
- πλήρωμα (n accusitive neuter singular - πλήρωμα, ατος, τό) = patch (a fill, fullness; full complement; supply, patch, supplement, (b) fullness, filling, fulfillment, completion.)
- καινὸν (adj - nominitive neuter singular - καινός, ή, όν) - new, fresh, unused, novel.
- χεῖρον (adj nominitive neuter singular comparative - χείρων, ον) = worse
- σχίσμα (n nominitve neuter singular - σχίσμα, ατος, τό) = tear

22 καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή, ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί. ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς.

"just as no one puts new wine into old wineskins, because the wine will burst the wineskins, and the wine will be destroyed along with the wineskins. But new wine goes into new wineskins."

- βάλλει (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - βάλλω) = puts (can be used in a stronger sense as well, as in "to cast," or "to throw," or "to rush")
- οἶνον (n accusitive masculine singular - οἶνος, ου, ὁ) = wine
- νέον (adj accusitive masculine singular - νέος, α, ον) new
- ἀσκοὺς (n accusitive masculine plural - ἀσκός, οῦ, ὁ) = wineskins
- παλαιούς (adj accusitive masculine plural - παλαιός, ά, όν) = old
- ῥήξει (v future active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ῥήγνυμι, ῥήσσω) = will burst
- ἀπόλλυται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person singular - ἀπόλλυμι) = he will be destroyed
- καινούς (adj accusitive masculine plural - καινός, ή, όν) = new

23 Καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν παραπορεύεσθαι διὰ τῶν σπορίμων, καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἤρξαντο ὁδὸν ποιεῖν τίλλοντες τοὺς στάχυας.

"And it so happend that passing through the grainfileds on the Sabbath, his disciples started plucking heads of grain."

- παραπορεύεσθαι (v present middle infinitive - παραπορεύομαι) = is passing
- σπορίμων (adj genitive neuter plural - σπόριμος, ον) = grainfield
- ὁδὸν (n accusitve feminine singular - ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ) = their way
- τίλλοντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - τίλλω) = they were plucking
- στάχυας (n accusitive masculine plural - στάχυς, υος, ὁ) = heads of grain

24 καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἔλεγον αὐτῷ· Ἴδε τί ποιοῦσιν τοῖς σάββασιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν;

"and the Pharisees said to him, 'Now see here! Why are they doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath?'"

- ἔλεγον (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - λέγω) = they said
- Ἴδε (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ὁράω) = behold
- ποιοῦσιν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ποιέω) = they do
- ἔξεστιν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἔξεστιν) = it is lawful

25 καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ;

"And he said to them 'havent you read what David did when he was desperate and hungry, he and those who were with him?"

- Οὐδέποτε (adv) = Never
- ἀνέγνωτε (v aorist active indicitive, 2nd person plural - ἀναγινώσκω) = you have read
- χρείαν (n accusitive feminine singular - χρεία, ας, ἡ) = need
- ἔσχεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἔχω) = he had
- ἐπείνασεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - πεινάω) = he hungered

26 πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς, καὶ ἔδωκεν καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν;

"how he entered God's House, in (the days of) the high priest Abiathar, and ate the Bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful to eat, even for the priests; and he even gave some to those who were with him."

- πῶς (conj) how
- εἰσῆλθεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - εἰσέρχομαι) = he entered

- ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως (Bread of the Presence, twelve loaves of bread offered to YHVH every Sabbath. One for each of the 12 Tribes of Israel.

- ἔφαγεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - φάγω) = He ate
- ἔξεστιν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἔξεστιν) = it is lawful
- φαγεῖν (v aorist active infinitve - φάγω) = to eat

27 καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Τὸ σάββατον διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο καὶ οὐχ ὁ ἄνθρωπος διὰ τὸ σάββατον·

"And he said to them, the Sabbath is for man, not man for the Sabbath."

- διὰ

28 ὥστε κύριός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ τοῦ σαββάτου.

"So then, the Son of Man is Lord, even of the Sabbath."

- καὶ (conj) = even

(Kai can mean "and" but it can also mean "even," "also," or "namely," depending on the context.

Here "τοῦ σαββάτου" refers back to κύριός rather than υἱὸς, rather than υἱὸς, completing the sentence.

Mark Ch. 1 Translation Work

Mark 1:1-3

1 Ἀρχὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ.

"The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ."

2 Καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν τῷ Ἠσαΐᾳ τῷ προφήτῃ· Ἰδοὺ ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου, ὃς κατασκευάσει τὴν ὁδόν σου·

"Just as it is in written in Isaiah the prophet.

'Behold I will send my messenger to you. who will prepare your way.

- ἄγγελόν (n. accusitive masculine singular - ἄγγελος, ου, ὁ) = messenger
- προσώπου (n. genitive neuter singular - πρόσωπον, ου, τό) = your face
- κατασκευάσει (v. future active indicitive, 3rd person singular - κατασκευάζω) = he will prepare
- ὁδόν (n. accusitive feminine singular - ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ) = way

3 φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· Ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου, εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ,

"A voice crying in the wilderness, 'PREPARE THE LORD'S WAY. MAKE HIS PATH STRAIGHT."

- φωνὴ (n. nominitive feminine singular - φωνή, ῆς, ἡ) voice
- βοῶντος (v. present active participle, genitive masculine singular - βοάω) = of one crying
- Ἑτοιμάσατε (v. aorist active imperitive, 2nd person plural - ἑτοιμάζω) = prepare
- εὐθείας (adj. accusitive feminine plural - εὐθύς, εῖα, ύ) = straight,
- τρίβους (n. accusitive feminine plural - τρίβος, ου, ἡ) = paths

Mark 1:4-5

4 ἐγένετο Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ κηρύσσων βάπτισμα μετανοίας εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.

"(and so,) John came, baptizing in the wilderness, proclaiming a baptism of repentence for the forgiveness of sins."

- ἐγένετο (v. accusitive middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - γίνομαι) = he came
- βαπτίζων (v. present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - βαπτίζω) = baptizing
- κηρύσσων (v. present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - κηρύσσω) = proclaiming

5 καὶ ἐξεπορεύετο πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία χώρα καὶ οἱ Ἱεροσολυμῖται πάντες, καὶ ἐβαπτίζοντο ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ ποταμῷ ἐξομολογούμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.

"and the whole Judean region, and all the people of Jerusalem, were baptized by him in the jordan river, confessing their sins."

- ἐξεπορεύετο (v. imperfect middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐκπορεύομαι) = she went out
- χώρα (n. nominitive feminine singular - χώρα, ας, ἡ) = region, land, fields.
- ἐβαπτίζοντο (v. imperfect middle indicitive - 3rd person plural
- ὑπ’ (prep - ὑπό) with genetive showing agency = by
- ἐξομολογούμενοι (v. present middle participle, nominative masculine plural - ἐξομολογέω) = (they are) confessing

6 καὶ ἦν ὁ Ἰωάννης ἐνδεδυμένος τρίχας καμήλου καὶ ζώνην δερματίνην περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσθων ἀκρίδας καὶ μέλι ἄγριον.

"John wore camel's hair and a leather belt around his waist, eating locusts and wild honey."

- ἐνδεδυμένος (v. perfect middle participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἐνδύω) = he was clothed in
- τρίχας (n. accusitive feminine plural - θρίξ, τριχός, ἡ) = hair
- ζώνην (n. accusitive feminine singular - ζώνη, ῆς, ἡ) = belt
- δερματίνην (adj. accusitive feminine singular - δερμάτινος, η, ον) = leather
- ὀσφὺν (n. accusitive feminine singular - ὀσφύς, ύος, ἡ) = waist
- ἔσθων (v. present active participle, nominitve masculine singular - ἐσθίω) = he is eating
- ἀκρίδας (n. accusitive feminine plural ἀκρίς, ίδος, ἡ) = locusts
- μέλι (n. accusitive neuter singular -μέλι, ιτος, τό) = honey
- ἄγριον (adj. accusitive neuter singular - ἄγριος, ία, ιον) = wild

7 καὶ ἐκήρυσσεν λέγων· Ἔρχεται ὁ ἰσχυρότερός μου ὀπίσω μου, οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς κύψας λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ·

"and he preached, saying -

'the one who comes after me, is more powerful than I am, whose sandle straps I am unfit to bend down and untie.'

- ἐκήρυσσεν (v. imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - κηρύσσω) = he preached
- Ἔρχεται (v. present middle imperitive, 3rd person singular - ἔρχομαι) = he comes
- ἰσχυρότερός (adj.) nominitve masculine singular - comparative = mightier, stronger, more powerful.
- ὀπίσω (prep) = after
- ἱκανὸς (adj. nominitive masculine singular - ἱκανός, ή, όν) = fit
- κύψας (v. aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - κύπτω) = having stooped down.
- λῦσαι (v. aorist active infinitive - λύω) = to untie
- ἱμάντα (n. accusitive masculine singular - ἱμάς, άντος, ὁ) = strap
- ὑποδημάτων (n. genitive neuter plural - ὑπόδημα, ατος, τό) = sandals

8 ἐγὼ ἐβάπτισα ὑμᾶς ὕδατι, αὐτὸς δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.

"I baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit."

9 Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις ἦλθεν Ἰησοῦς ἀπὸ Ναζαρὲτ τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ ἐβαπτίσθη εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου.

"Now, in those days Jesus came from Nazareth, (in the region of) Galilee, and was baptised in the Jordan by John."

10 καὶ εὐθὺς ἀναβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος εἶδεν σχιζομένους τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα ὡς περιστερὰν καταβαῖνον εἰς αὐτόν·

"as soon as he emerged from the water, he saw the heavens tearing open and the spirit descending upon him, like a dove.

- ἀναβαίνων (v. present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἀναβαίνω) = going up
- σχιζομένους (v. present middle participle, accusitive masculine plural - σχίζω) = tearing open
- περιστερὰν (n. accusitive feminine singular - περιστερά, άς, ἡ) = a dove
- καταβαῖνον (v. present active participle, accusitive neuter singular - καταβαίνω) = descending

11 καὶ φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν· Σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός, ἐν σοὶ εὐδόκησα.

"And a voice came out of the heavens (saying),

'you are my beloved Son, in whom I delight.'"

- εὐδόκησα (v. accusitive active indicitive, 1st person singular - εὐδοκέω) = I am well pleased, I delight.

12 Καὶ εὐθὺς τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτὸν ἐκβάλλει εἰς τὴν ἔρημον.

"and immediately the spirit drove him out into the wilderness."

13 καὶ ἦν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τεσσεράκοντα ἡμέρας πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Σατανᾶ, καὶ ἦν μετὰ τῶν θηρίων, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι διηκόνουν αὐτῷ.

"He was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and the angels ministerd to him."

- τεσσεράκοντα (adj. accusitve feminine plural) = forty
- πειραζόμενος (v. present middle participle, nominitive masculine singular - πειράζω) = being tempted
- ὑπὸ (prep.) = by
- θηρίων (n. genitive neuter plural - θηρίον, ου, τό) = wild animals
- διηκόνουν (v. imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - διακονέω) - ministered

14 Καὶ μετὰ τὸ παραδοθῆναι τὸν Ἰωάννην ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ θεοῦ

"And after John was arrested, Jesus came into Galilee proclaiming the God's Good News,"

-παραδοθῆναι (v. aorist passive infinitive - παραδίδωμι) = delivering up, betraying

This refers to John's arrest. The sense here, as I understand it, is that he was arrested. This should not be read in the sense that he was betrayed by anyone. There is no evidence for that. Delivered up, probably implies that God allowed John to be arrested.

15 καὶ λέγων ὅτι Πεπλήρωται ὁ καιρὸς καὶ ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ· μετανοεῖτε καὶ πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ.

"saying,

'Now is the time! the Kingdom of God is near! Repent, and believe the Good News!' "

- Πεπλήρωται (v. perfect middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - πληρόω) = is fullfilled.

The expression "the time is fullfilled is intended to express a sense that the time of waiting is over. I felt the English expression "Now is the time." captures the same meaning and portrays the sensee of urgency better in English. The time of waiting is over, act now!

- ἤγγικεν (v. perfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐγγίζω) = has drawn near.

The expression "has drawn near" is meant to show nearness - and the possibility to act. I think the English expression "is near" conveys this better than the more literal rendering "has drawn near" which draws more attention to the change in relative position in space or time from a former state of being far away and dispels the sense of urgency.

16 Καὶ παράγων παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἶδεν Σίμωνα καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν Σίμωνος ἀμφιβάλλοντας ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ, ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς·

"and passing by the sea of Galilee he saw Simon, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen."

- παράγων (v. present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - παράγω) = (he is) passing
- παρὰ (prep. with accusitive, showing location) = by
- ἀμφιβάλλοντας (v. present active participle, accusitive masculine plural - βάλλω) = (They are) casting a net.
- ἁλιεῖς (n. nominitive masculine plural - ἁλιεύς, έως, ὁ) = fishermen

17 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου, καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων.

"And Jesus said to them,

'follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.'"

- εἶπεν (v. accusitive active singular, 3rd Person singular - λέγω) = he said
- Δεῦτε (v. imperitive, 2nd person plural - δεῦτε) = come
- ὀπίσω (prep.) after

18 καὶ εὐθὺς ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ.

"and immediately they followed him, having left their nets behind."

- ἀφέντες (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural -ἀφίημι) = they having left
- δίκτυα (n. accusitive neuter plural - δίκτυον, ου, τό) = nets
- ἠκολούθησαν (v. aorist active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἀκολουθέω) = they followed.

19 καὶ προβὰς ὀλίγον εἶδεν Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ καταρτίζοντας τὰ δίκτυα,

"Having gone on a little farther, he saw Zebedee's son James, and his brother John, in their boat mending the nets"

- προβὰς (v. aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - προβαίνω) = having gone on

- ὀλίγον (adj. accusitive neuter singular - ὀλίγος, η, ον) = a little

20 καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς. καὶ ἀφέντες τὸν πατέρα αὐτῶν Ζεβεδαῖον ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ μετὰ τῶν μισθωτῶν ἀπῆλθον ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ.

"immediately he called them, and they followed him, leaving their father Zebadee in the boat with the hired servants."

- ἀφέντες (v. aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural - ἀφίημι) = having left.

- πλοίῳ (n. dative neuter singular - πλοῖον, ου, τό) = boat.

In this verse there has been some rearrangement of the sentence structure - to reflect the immediacy intended by Mark.

In Greek it reads "Immediately he called them, and having left their father Zebadee in the boat with the hired servents, they followed him."

In English, after hearing the word "immediately," the reader expects to know immediately what happened. So I have moved this descriptive clause about Zebedee to the end of the sentence.

21 Καὶ εἰσπορεύονται εἰς Καφαρναούμ. καὶ εὐθὺς τοῖς σάββασιν ἐδίδασκεν εἰς τὴν συναγωγήν.

"They went to Capernaum; and on the Sabbath, Jesus went directly to the synagogue and began to teach."

- εἰσπορεύονται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person plural -εἰσπορεύομαι) = they go
- εἰσελθὼν (v accusitive active participle, nominitive masculine singular - εἰσέρχομαι) = having entered
- ἐδίδασκεν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - διδάσκω) = he began to teach.

22 καὶ ἐξεπλήσσοντο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ, ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων καὶ οὐχ ὡς οἱ γραμματεῖς.

"And they were shocked by his teaching, because, unlike the scribes, he was teaching them like someone who had authority."

- ἐξεπλήσσοντο (v imperfect passive indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἐκπλήσσω) = they were shocked, astonished, amazed.
- διδάσκων (v present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - διδάσκω) = teaching
- γραμματεῖς (n nominitive masculine plural - γραμματεύς, έως, ὁ) = Scribes

23 καὶ εὐθὺς ἦν ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ αὐτῶν ἄνθρωπος ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ καὶ ἀνέκραξεν

"Then suddenly, in their there synagogue, was a man with an unclean spirit, and he cried out"

- ἀκαθάρτῳ (adj. dative neuter singular - ἀκάθαρτος, ον) = unclean
- ἀνέκραξεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀνακράζω) - he cried out.

24 λέγων· Τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ Ναζαρηνέ; ἦλθες ἀπολέσαι ἡμᾶς; οἶδά σε τίς εἶ, ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ.

"saying, 'what is your business with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Did you come to destroy us? I know who you are, God's Holy One!'"

- Τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί: This expression literally reads "what to us, and you?" The evil spirit is at home and has taken residence with fallen humanity, and probably assumes the time of judgement has come early.
- ἦλθες (v aorist active indicitive, 2nd person singular - ἔρχομαι) = are you come? (have you come?)
- ἀπολέσαι (v aorist active infinituve - ἀπόλλυμι)= to destroy

25 καὶ ἐπετίμησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων· Φιμώθητι καὶ ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ.

"but Jesus rebuked him saying, 'BE QUIET!' and 'COME OUT OF HIM!"

- ἐπετίμησεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐπιτιμάω) = He rebuked
- Φιμώθητι (v aorist passive imperitive, 2nd person singular - φιμόω)= be quiet.
- ἔξελθε (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ἐξέρχομαι) = come out

26 καὶ σπαράξαν αὐτὸν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἀκάθαρτον καὶ φωνῆσαν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ἐξῆλθεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ.

"and having thrown the man into convulsions, the unclean spirit came out of him cying with a loud voice."

- σπαράξαν (v aorist active participle, nominitive neuter singular - σπαράσσω) = having thrown into convulsions
- ἀκάθαρτον (adj nominitive neuter singular - ἀκάθαρτος, ον) = unlcean
- φωνῆσαν (v aorist active participle, nominitive neuter singular - φωνέω) = having cried
- φωνῇ (n dative feminine singular - φωνή, ῆς, ἡ) = voice

27 καὶ ἐθαμβήθησαν ἅπαντες, ὥστε συζητεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγοντας· Τί ἐστιν τοῦτο; διδαχὴ καινή· κατ’ ἐξουσίαν καὶ τοῖς πνεύμασι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις ἐπιτάσσει, καὶ ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ.

"Everyone was astonished and asked themselves, 'what is this powerful new teaching? He commands even the unlean spirits, and they obey him!'"

- ἐθαμβήθησαν (v aorist passive infinitive, 3rd person plural - θαμβέω)= they were astonished
- ἅπαντες (adj nominitive masculine plural - ἅπας, ασα, αν) = all
- συζητεῖν (v present active infinitive - συζητέω) = to question
- ἐπιτάσσει (v present active indicitive 3rd person singular - ἐπιτάσσω) = he commands
- ὑπακούουσιν (v present ative indicitive, 3rd person plural - ὑπακούω) = they obey

28 καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἡ ἀκοὴ αὐτοῦ εὐθὺς πανταχοῦ εἰς ὅλην τὴν περίχωρον τῆς Γαλιλαίας.

"and word about him spread quickly, all around the region of Gallilee."

- πανταχοῦ (adv.) = everywhere
- περίχωρον (adj. accusitive feminine singular - περίχωρος, ον) = surrounding region

29 Καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς ἐξελθόντες ἦλθον εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Σίμωνος καὶ Ἀνδρέου μετὰ Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωάννου.

"After they left the synagoge they came to the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John."

30 ἡ δὲ πενθερὰ Σίμωνος κατέκειτο πυρέσσουσα, καὶ εὐθὺς λέγουσιν αὐτῷ περὶ αὐτῆς.

"Now, Simon's mother-in-law was sick in bed, with a fever, so they spoke to him about her."

- πενθερὰ (n nominitive feminine singular - πενθερά, ᾶς, ἡ) = mother-in-law
- κατέκειτο (v imperfect middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - κατάκειμαι) = she was laying sick.
- πυρέσσουσα (v present active participle, nominitive feminine singular - πυρέσσω) = fevering

31 καὶ προσελθὼν ἤγειρεν αὐτὴν κρατήσας τῆς χειρός· καὶ ἀφῆκεν αὐτὴν ὁ πυρετός, καὶ διηκόνει αὐτοῖς.

"So he went to her and took her hand and raised her up - and the fever left her, and she served them."

- κρατήσας (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - κρατέω) = having taken
- ἀφῆκεν (v aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - ἀφίημι) = left
- πυρετός (n nominitive feminine singular - πυρετός, οῦ, ὁ) = fever

32 Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, ὅτε ἔδυ ὁ ἥλιος, ἔφερον πρὸς αὐτὸν πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας καὶ τοὺς δαιμονιζομένους·

"That evening, after sunset, they brought to him everyone who was sick, and demon possessed."

- Ὀψίας (adj. genitive feminine singular - ὄψιος, α, ον) = Evening
- γενομένης (v aorist middle participle - gentive feminine singular - γίνομαι) = having come
- ἔδυ (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - δύνω) = went down
- ἔφερον (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - φέρω) = they brought
- δαιμονιζομένους (v perfect passive participle, accusitive masculine plural - δαιμονίζομαι) = possessed by demons

33 καὶ ἦν ὅλη ἡ πόλις ἐπισυνηγμένη πρὸς τὴν θύραν.

"and the whole city gathered together at the door."

- ἐπισυνηγμένη (v perfect middle participle, nominitve feminine singular - ἐπισυνάγω) = gahtered together
- θύραν (n accusitve feminine singular - θύρα, ας, ἡ) = door

34 καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν πολλοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας ποικίλαις νόσοις, καὶ δαιμόνια πολλὰ ἐξέβαλεν, καὶ οὐκ ἤφιεν λαλεῖν τὰ δαιμόνια, ὅτι ᾔδεισαν αὐτόν.

"And he healed many who had various diseases, and cast out many demons. But he did not allow the demons to speak, because they knew him."

- ἐθεράπευσεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular)
- ποικίλαις (adj. dative feminine plural - ποικίλος, η, ον) = of various

35 Καὶ πρωῒ ἔννυχα λίαν ἀναστὰς ἐξῆλθεν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς ἔρημον τόπον κἀκεῖ προσηύχετο.

"Very early, while it was still dark, having woken up, Jesus went to a lonely place to pray."

- πρωῒ (adv) = very early
- ἔννυχα (adv - ἔννυχος, ον) = in night, before day
- λίαν (adv) = still much
- ἀπῆλθεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀπέρχομαι) = he departed
- ἔρημον (adj accusitive masculine singular - ἔρημος, ον) = solitary
- κἀκεῖ (conj) = and there
- προσηύχετο (v imperfect middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - προσεύχομαι) = he was praying.


36 καὶ κατεδίωξεν αὐτὸν Σίμων καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ,

"and Simon, and those with him, went after him."

- κατεδίωξεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - καταδιώκω) = they went after

37 καὶ εὗρον αὐτὸν καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ ὅτι Πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε.

"and having found him, they said to him, 'everyone is looking for you."

- εὗρον (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person plural - εὑρίσκω) = having found
- ζητοῦσίν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ζητέω) = they seek

38 καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ἄγωμεν ἀλλαχοῦ εἰς τὰς ἐχομένας κωμοπόλεις, ἵνα καὶ ἐκεῖ κηρύξω, εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξῆλθον.

"and he said to them, 'Let's go into the neighboring towns by a different way, so I might preach there as well, because this is why I came.'"

- Ἄγωμεν (v present active subjunctive, 1st person plural - ἄγω) = Let's go
- ἀλλαχοῦ (adv.- ἀλλαχόθεν) = another way,
- ἐχομένας (v present middle participle, accusitive feminine plural - ἔχω) = neighboring
- κωμοπόλεις (n accusitive feminine plural - κωμόπολις, εως, ἡ) = towns
- ἐκεῖ (adv.) = there

39 καὶ ἦλθεν κηρύσσων εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς αὐτῶν εἰς ὅλην τὴν Γαλιλαίαν καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλων.

"and he went all over Galillee preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons."

- ὅλην (adv. accusitive feminine singular - ὅλος, η, ον) = all

40 Καὶ ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν λεπρὸς παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν καὶ γονυπετῶν λέγων αὐτῷ ὅτι Ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.

"A leper came to him, and knelt down and implored him saying, if you want to, you are able to cleanse me."

- παρακαλῶν (v present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - παρακαλέω) = imploring
- γονυπετῶν (v present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - γονυπετέω) = kneeling down

41 καὶ ὀργισθεὶς ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἥψατο καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·

"and he was offended. (Then) reaching out his hand, he touched the man and said to him ' I do want to. Be cleansed.'"

- ὀργισθεὶς (v aorist passive participle, nominitve masculine singular - ὀργίζω) = having been offended
Some manuscripts have σπλαγχνισθεὶς (having been moved with compassion).

- ἐκτείνας (v aorist active participle, nominitve masculine singular - ἐκτείνω) = having stretched out, having reached out.
- ἥψατο (v aorist middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἅπτομαι) = he touched.

42 καὶ εὐθὺς ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα, καὶ ἐκαθαρίσθη.

"and immediately the leprosy left him and he was clean."

- ἀπῆλθεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀπέρχομαι) = he departed

43 καὶ ἐμβριμησάμενος αὐτῷ εὐθὺς ἐξέβαλεν αὐτόν,

"and having warned him, he sent him straight away."

- ἐμβριμησάμενος (v aorist middle participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἐμβριμάομαι) = having warned
- ἐξέβαλεν (v aorist active inticitive, 3rd person singular - ἐκβάλλω) = he sent away.

44 καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ὅρα μηδενὶ μηδὲν εἴπῃς, ἀλλὰ ὕπαγε σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ καὶ προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου ἃ προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς.

"and he said to him, see that you don't speak to anyone, but go and show yourself to the priest and offer for the cleansing what Moses commanded as a testimony to them."

- μηδενὶ (adj. dative masculine singular - μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν) = nothing
- μηδὲν (adj. accusitive neuter singular - μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν) = to none
- εἴπῃς (v aorist active subjuctive, 2nd person singular - λέγω) = you speak
- ὕπαγε (v present active imperative, 2nd person singular - ὑπάγω) = go
- δεῖξον (v aorist active imperative, 2nd person singular - δείκνυμι) = show
- προσένεγκε (v aorist active imperative, 2nd person singualr - προσφέρω) = offer
- προσέταξεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - προστάσσω) = commanded


45 ὁ δὲ ἐξελθὼν ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν πολλὰ καὶ διαφημίζειν τὸν λόγον, ὥστε μηκέτι αὐτὸν δύνασθαι φανερῶς εἰς πόλιν εἰσελθεῖν, ἀλλὰ ἔξω ἐπ’ ἐρήμοις τόποις ἦν· καὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτὸν πάντοθεν.

"But instead he went out and started to tell everybody the news, so that he was no longer able to enter a city freely, so he stayed in solitary places, and people came to him from every all over." - ἤρξατο (v aorist middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἄρχομαι) = he began
- διαφημίζειν (v present active infinitve - διαφημίζω) = to spread abroad, tell everybody

Colossians Vocabulary Chapter 1

Verses 1-14

V5

• ἀποκειμένην (ἀπόκειμαι verb = reserved, stored up) Present Middle (Passive,) Participle Feminine Accusative singular - "stored up."

V6

• παρόντος (πάρειμι verb = I have come). Present active Participle Genitive Neuter Singular "it has come"

V9

• παυόμεθα (παύω verb = I cease) aorist active indicative first person plural. "We have ceased".
• αἰτούμενοι (αἰτέω verb = I ask) present middle participle nominative masculine plural. "asking".
• πληρωθῆτε (πληρόω verb = I fill) accusative passive subjuctive second person plural - "you might be filled".
• συνέσει noun dative feminine singular. "understanding".

V10

• ἀξίως adv, "worthily"
• ἀρεσκείαν noun, accusative feminine singular "delight"
• αὐξανόμενοι (αὐξάνω verb = I cause to increase,) present middle participle, nominative masculine plural "increasing".

V12

• ἱκανώσαντι (ἱκανόω verb "I make sufficent," "I render fit," "I qualify," ) accusative active participle, dative masculine singular. "(He) having qualified (us)"
• κλήρου noun, genetive masculine singular, "inheritance".

V13

• μετέστησεν (μεθίστημι verb, "I transfer") aorist active indicative, third person singular "He has delivered us"

V14

• ἀπολύτρωσιν noun accusative feminine singular, "redemption"
• ἄφεσιν noun accusative feminine singular, "forgiveness"

Verses 15-20

15

• ἀοράτου (ἀόρατος, ον: adjective = invisible, unseen) genitive masculine singular.

16

• ἐκτίσθη (κτίζω v. "I create, form, shape, make.") Aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular. "He Created"
• θρόνοι (θρόνος, ου, ὁ  = a (king's) throne, seat; meton: power, dominion; a potentate.) Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural
• κυριότητες (κυριότης, τητος, ἡ = (a) abstr: lordship, (b) concr: divine or angelic lordship, domination, dignity, usually with reference to a celestial hierarchy.) Noun, Nominative Feminine Plural
• ἀρχαὶ (ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ =  (a) rule (kingly or magisterial), (b) plur: in a quasi-personal sense, almost: rulers, magistrates, (c) beginning.) Noun, Nominative Feminine Plural.
• ἐξουσίαι (ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ = (a) power, authority, weight, especially: moral authority, influence, (b) in a quasi-personal sense, derived from later Judaism, of a spiritual power, and hence of an earthly power.) Noun, Nominative Feminine Plural."

18 

• πρωτότοκος, ον - prōtótokos (from prṓtos, "first, pre-eminent" and tíktō, "bring forth") – properly, first in time (Mt 1:25; Lk 2:7); hence, pre-eminent (Col 1:15; Rev 1:5).Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular.
• πρωτεύων (πρωτεύω verb =  I have preeminence, am chief).  Present active participle, nominative masculine singular.

19

• εὐδόκησεν (εὐδοκέω v. = I am resolved, well pleased). Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd person singular. - "he was pleased",
• κατοικῆσαι (κατοικέω v. = to dwell" Aorist, active, infinitive - "to dwell".

20

• ἀποκαταλλάξαι  (ἀποκαταλλάσσω, verb to reconcile,) aorist active infinitive
• εἴτε . . . εἴτε (εἴτεv = and, if, whether)  I chose to translate "whether on earth, whether in the heavens" as "both on earth and in the heavens" because the author is clearly saying whether it is here or there - Christ has reconciled all things.

Verses 21-29

21

• ἀπηλλοτριωμένους (v-perfect middle participle, accusative masculine plural from ἀπαλλοτριόομαι: I alienate). = "being alienated"
• ἐχθροὺς (adj.Accusative, Masculine, Plural. From ἐχθρός, ά, όν) = hatred, hostile, enemy
• διανοίᾳ (N. Dat, Fem, Sing. From διάνοια, ας, ἡ) = mind.

22

• ἀποκατηλλάγητε (v.Aor,act,ind - 3S from ἀποκαταλλάσσω - I reconcile). Should be translated "he has reconciled".
• παραστῆσαι (v. Aor,inf,act. from παρίστημι - I bring, I present). Should be translated "to present"
• ἀμώμους (adj. AMP from ἄμωμος, ον) = spotless.
• ἀνεγκλήτους (adj.AMP from ἀνέγκλητος, ον) = irreproachable
• κατενώπιον (prep.) = "before." Properly, "down in the eye," i.e. in someone's direct, concentrated gaze; "in the very presence of," especially being "in the very full (decisive) presence of" (S. Zodhiates, Dict).

23

• ἐπιμένετε (v. PAI -2P ἐπιμένω = I remain, I persist) = "you continue".
• τεθεμελιωμένοι (Perf.M.P - NMP, from v. θεμελιόω = I found, I lay the foundation). = "being grounded".
• ἑδραῖοι (adj. NMP) = sitting, seated, steadfast, firm.
• μετακινούμενοι (v. PMP-NMP, from μετακινέω = I move away, dislodge, remove)
• κηρυχθέντος (v. APP-NMS. κηρύσσω = I proclaim, I Herald, I preach) = having been proclaimed - I opted for "which was proclaimed"

24

• παθήμασιν (N-DNP. πάθημα, ατος, τό) = "sufferings" but I chose the singular form for better expression in english.
• ἀνταναπληρῶ (V_PAI-1S. ἀνταναπληρόω = "I fill up, I complete."). = "I am filling up"
• ὑστερήματα (N-ANP. ὑστέρημα, ατος, τό) = "that which is lacking."
• θλίψεων (N-GFP. θλῖψις, εως, ἡ) = "tribulations."

25

• ἐγενόμην (V-AMI-3S. γίνομαι = I become).= "I have become"
• οἰκονομίαν (N-AFS. οἰκονομία, ας, ἡ).= "stewardship," "administration."
• δοθεῖσάν (V-APP-AFS. δίδωμι - "I offer," "I give.") = "having been given"
• πληρῶσαι (V-AAI) = to complete

26

• ἀποκεκρυμμένον (V-PMP-ANS. ἀποκρύπτω - I hide, I conceal.) = Having been hidden.

27

• ἠθέλησεν (V-AAI-3S. θέλω = "I will," "I wish," "I desire".
• γνωρίσαι (V-AAI) = "to reveal"

28

• νουθετοῦντες (V-PAP-NMP. νουθετέω = I admonish, councel, exhort, warn.) = "(we) admonishing."
• παραστήσωμεν (V-AAS-1P. παρίστημι "I Bring, present") = "that we might present"
• τέλειον (ADJ-AMS) = Perfect, Complete

29

• κοπιῶ (V-PAI-1S. κοπιάω - I grow weary, I toil) = work exhaustively
• ἀγωνιζόμενος (V-PMO-NMS. ἀγωνίζομαι - I strive, I contend) = striving
• ἐνέργειαν (N-AFS. ἐνέργεια, ας, ἡ - working, activity used in the NT only pertaining to supernatural power.) = divine power
• ἐνεργουμένην (V-PMP-AFS. ἐνεργέω - I work, I accomplish, I am operative) = working (through divine agency).

Colossians Chapter 4

Chapter 4.  1 Masters, do that which is just and fair to your slaves, knowing that you too have a Master - in Heaven.

Final Instructions

2 Be persistent in prayer: vigilant, with thanksgiving. 3 At the same time, praying for us, that God might open open a door for the Word, to share the mystery of Christ, for whose sake I am in chains. 4 So I might make it clear, as I ought. 5 Conduct yourselves wisely with outsiders, redeeming the time, 6 your speech always full of grace, seasoned with salt, so you might know how best to answer each person.

Final Greetings and Closing of the Letter

7 Tychicus, our beloved brother, faithful servant, and fellow slave in the Lord, will make known to you everything concerning me. 8 This is why I sent him, so that you might know everything about us, and so he might encourage your hearts.  9 Along with him I’ve sent Onesimus, our faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They will make everything here known to you.  

10 My fellow prisoner Aristarchus greets you, and Mark - the cousin of Barnabas, of whom you have received instructions "if he comes to you, welcome him. 11 and Jesus - called Justus, among the circumcision, these are my only fellow workers for the Kingdom of God, and they have been a comfort to me.

12 Epaphras, who is one of you, greets you. A servant of Christ Jesus, he is always struggling for you in prayer, in order that you might stand, mature and fully assured, in the will of God. 13 Truly, I bare witness to him, that he is greatly concerned about you, and those in Laodicea, and those in Hierapolis.

14 Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas also greet you.

15 Greet the brothers and sisters in Laodicea, Nympha and the church which meets in her house. 16 And when this letter has been read to all of you, have it read to the Laodiceans, and see that you read the letter from Laodicea too. 17 And say to Archipus, 'see that the ministry you received from the Lord, is fulfilled.’

18 This greeting is in my own hand. Remember (me in) my chains. Grace be with you. Amen.

Colossians Chapter 3

Chapter 3  1 So, if you have been raised with Christ, seek the things above, where Christ is sitting, at the right hand of God. 2 The things above, not the things that are on earth. 3 For you died, and your life has been hidden with Christ, in God. 4 When Christ is revealed, your live too will appear with him, in glory.

5 Therefore, put to death earthly desires, sexual immorality, impurity, lust, and covetousness which is idolatry. 6 because of these God's wrath is coming on the children of disobedience. 7 Among whom you also once walked, when you were living in these things. 8 but now put off all of this: anger, rage, malice, slander, and foul language from your mouth. 9 Don't lie to each other, since you have stripped of the old self, and its ways. 10 and put on the new (self,) which is being renewed in knowledge, according to the image of the one that created it. 11 Where there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, Barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all - and in all.

12 Therefore, as God's chosen one's holy and beloved, put on compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience; 13 putting up with one another and forgiving each other. If anyone should have a quarrel with another, just as the Lord has forgiven you, you also should forgive. 14 Moreover, above all this put on Love, which is the bond of perfect unity.

Household Codes Adapted for the Church

15 Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to which you were called in one body, and be thankful. 16 Let Christ's Word dwell in you richly wisely teaching and admonishing each other in psalms, hymns and spiritual odes, singing to God with gratitude in your hearts. 17 And whatever you do, in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father, through him.

18 Wives, submit to your husbands, as is proper in the Lord. 19 Husbands, love your wives, and do not be cruel to them.

20 Children obey your parents in all things, for this is pleasing to the Lord. 21 Fathers, do not exasperate your children, so they may not lose heart.

22 Slaves, obey your earthly masters in all things, not just when they are looking, as people pleasers, but sincere hearts, fearing the Lord. 23 Whatever you might do, work with all your heart, for God and not for men. 24 knowing that you will receive your due inheritance from the Lord, Jesus Christ, whom you serve. 25 For the unjust person will be repaid for the wrong he has done, and there is no partiality.