1 Καὶ εἰσελθὼν πάλιν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ δι’ ἡμερῶν ἠκούσθη ὅτι ἐν οἴκῳ ἐστίν·
"After several days Jesus entered into Capernaum again, and people heard that he had come home."
- εἰσελθὼν (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - εἰσέρχομαι) = he having entered
- πάλιν (adv) again
2 καὶ συνήχθησαν πολλοὶ ὥστε μηκέτι χωρεῖν μηδὲ τὰ πρὸς τὴν θύραν, καὶ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον.
"And many people were gathered together, so there was no more space, not even at the door, and he spoke the Word to them."
- συνήχθησαν (v aorist passive indicitive, 3rd person - συνάγω) = they were gathered together
- μηκέτι (adv) = no more
- χωρεῖν (v present active infinitive - χωρέω) = to have space
- θύραν (n accusitive feminine singular - v) = door
- ἐλάλει (v imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - λαλέω) = he was speaking
3 καὶ ἔρχονται φέροντες πρὸς αὐτὸν παραλυτικὸν αἰρόμενον ὑπὸ τεσσάρων.
"and some men came to him bringing a paralytic, carried by four of them."
- ἔρχονται (v present middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἔρχομαι) = they come
- φέροντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - φέρω) = bringing
- παραλυτικὸν (adj accusitive masculine singular - παραλυτικός, ή, όν) = a paralytic
- αἰρόμενον (v present middle participle, accusitive masculine singular - αἴρω) = being carried
4 καὶ μὴ δυνάμενοι προσενέγκαι αὐτῷ διὰ τὸν ὄχλον ἀπεστέγασαν τὴν στέγην ὅπου ἦν, καὶ ἐξορύξαντες χαλῶσι τὸν κράβαττον ὅπου ὁ παραλυτικὸς κατέκειτο.
"and they were not able to come near him because of the crowd. They removed the roof where he was, and having broken it up they lowered the pallet on which the paralytic man was laying."
- προσενέγκαι (v aorist active infinitive - προσφέρω) = to come near
- ἀπεστέγασαν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἀποστεγάζω) = they removed
- στέγην (n accusitive feminine singular - στέγη, ης, ἡ) = roof
- ὅπου (adv) = where
- ἐξορύξαντες (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural - ἐξορύσσω) = having broken up.
- χαλῶσι (v perfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - χαλάω) = they let down
- κράβαττον (n accusitive masculine singular - κράβαττος, ου, ὁ) = pallet
- κατέκειτο (v imperitive middle indicitive, 3rd person singular - κατάκειμαι) = he was lying
5 καὶ ἰδὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ· Τέκνον, ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι.
"When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, 'son, your sins are forgiven.'"
- Τέκνον (n vocative neuter singular - τέκνον, ου, τό) - son
- ἀφίενταί (v present middle indicative, 3rd person plural - ἀφίημι) = they are forgiven
6 ἦσαν δέ τινες τῶν γραμματέων ἐκεῖ καθήμενοι καὶ διαλογιζόμενοι ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν·
"Now there were also some Scribes sitting there, and they were reasoning in their hearts."
- καθήμενοι (v present middle participle, nominitive masculine plural - κάθημαι) = they were sitting
- διαλογιζόμενοι (v present middle participle, nominitive masculine plural - διαλογίζομαι) = they were reasoning
7 Τί οὗτος οὕτως λαλεῖ; βλασφημεῖ· τίς δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός;
"Why does this man speak like this. He Blasphemes. Who except God is able to forgive sins?"
(A more literal rendering would be "who is able to forgive sins, if not one, God.")
8 καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ ὅτι οὕτως διαλογίζονται ἐν ἑαυτοῖς λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τί ταῦτα διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν;
"Suddenly Jesus, having discerned in his spirit that they were thinking these things said to them, "why do you think these things in your hearts?"
- ἐπιγνοὺς (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἐπιγινώσκω) = having discerned, having recognized.
- διαλογίζονται (v present middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - διαλογίζομαι) = reasoning (with), debating (with), considering
- ἐν (prep) The dative suggests spatial (within themselves,) or relational (among themselves,) use of the preposition. Mark's use of the expression ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν suggests the former.
9 τί ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν τῷ παραλυτικῷ· Ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν· Ἔγειρε καὶ ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου καὶ περιπάτει;
"which is easier, to say to the paralytic 'your sins are forgiven,' or to say 'get up, pick up your mat and walk?'"
- εὐκοπώτερον (adj. nominitive neuter singular - comparative - εὐκοπώτερον) = easier
- εἰπεῖν (v aorist active infinitive - λέγω) = to say
- ἆρον (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - αἴρω) = pick up
- κράβαττόν (n accusitive masculine singular - κράβαττος, ου, ὁ) = mat
10 ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας— λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ·
"but in order that you may know that the Son of Man has power upon the earth to forgive sins," he said to the paralytic,
11 Σοὶ λέγω, ἔγειρε ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου.
"to you I say, 'Get Up, pick up your mat and go home.'"
- ἔγειρε (v present active imperitive, 2nd person singular -ἐγείρω) = get up
- ἆρον (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - αἴρω) = pick up
- ὕπαγε (v present active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ὑπάγω) = go
12 καὶ ἠγέρθη καὶ εὐθὺς ἄρας τὸν κράβαττον ἐξῆλθεν ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, ὥστε ἐξίστασθαι πάντας καὶ δοξάζειν τὸν θεὸν λέγοντας ὅτι Οὕτως οὐδέποτε εἴδομεν.
"and suddenly he got up, and taking his mat, he left in front of them all. Everyone was amazed and glorified God saying 'we've never seen anything like this.'"
- ἔμπροσθεν (prep.) = in front, before the face
- ἐξίστασθαι (v. present infinitive middle - ἐξίστημι) = to amaze
- οὐδέποτε (adv.) = never
- εἴδομεν (v aorist active infinitive, 1st person plural - ὁράω) = did we see
13 Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν πάλιν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν· καὶ πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος ἤρχετο πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ ἐδίδασκεν αὐτούς.
"Once again he went by the sea, and the whole crowd came to him, and he taught them."
- πάλιν (adv) = again, further, on the other hand.
- ἐδίδασκεν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - διδάσκω) = he taught
14 καὶ παράγων εἶδεν Λευὶν τὸν τοῦ Ἁλφαίου καθήμενον ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ἀκολούθει μοι. καὶ ἀναστὰς ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ.
"and movin on, he saw Levi, Alphaeus' son, sitting at the tax booth, and said to him 'Follow me.' and getting up, he followed him."
- παράγων (v present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - παράγω) = passing by - καθήμενον (v present middle participle, accusitive masculine singular - κάθημαι) = sitting
- τελώνιον (n accusitive neuter singular - τελώνιον, ου, τό) = tax booth
- Ἀκολούθει (v present active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ἀκολουθέω) = follow
15 Καὶ γίνεται κατακεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ πολλοὶ τελῶναι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ συνανέκειντο τῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, ἦσαν γὰρ πολλοὶ καὶ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ.
"And it just so happened, while dining in his house, many tax collecters and sinners were there reclining with Jesus and his disciples, because there were many who followed him,"
- κατακεῖσθαι (v present middle infinitive - κατάκειμαι) = dining
- τελῶναι (n nominitve masculine plural - τελώνης, ου, ὁ) = tax collectors
- συνανέκειντο (v imperfect middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - συνανάκειμαι) = were reclining with
- ἠκολούθουν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἀκολουθέω) = they followed
16 καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς τῶν Φαρισαίων ἰδόντες ὅτι ἐσθίει μετὰ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ τελωνῶν ἔλεγον τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· Ὅτι μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει;
"that the Scribes, and the Pharisees, having seen himi eat with the sinners and tax collectors, said to his disciples, "Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners?"
- ἰδόντες (v aorist active participle, nominitive masculine plural - ὁράω) = having seen
- ἔλεγον (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - λέγω) = said
17 καὶ ἀκούσας ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς ὅτι Οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἰσχύοντες ἰατροῦ ἀλλ’ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες· οὐκ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς.
"Having heard this, Jesus said to them, 'the Healthy have no need for a doctor, those who are sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners."
- χρείαν (n accusitive feminine singular - χρεία, ας, ἡ) = need
- ἰσχύοντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine singular - ἰσχύω) = having full health, being strong, prevailing
- ἰατροῦ (n genetive masculine singular - ἰατρός, οῦ, ὁ) = physician
- κακῶς (adv) = sick, wretchet, evil, wrognly
18 Καὶ ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύοντες. καὶ ἔρχονται καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· Διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ τῶν Φαρισαίων νηστεύουσιν, οἱ δὲ σοὶ μαθηταὶ οὐ νηστεύουσιν;
"Now the John's disciples, and those of the Pharisees, were fasting; and they came and said to him, 'why do John's disciples, and the disciples of the pharisees fast, but yours do not fast."
- ἦσαν (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person singular - εἰμί) = were
- νηστεύοντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - νηστεύω) = fasting
19 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐν ᾧ ὁ νυμφίος μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν νηστεύειν; ὅσον χρόνον ἔχουσιν τὸν νυμφίον μετ’ αὐτῶν οὐ δύνανται νηστεύειν·
"And Jesus said to them, 'how can the groomsmen fast while the groom is with them? They cannot, while he is with them.'"
- Μὴ (adv) = not
- δύνανται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person plural - δύναμαι) = can
- νυμφῶνος (n genitive masculine singular - νυμφών, ῶνος, ὁ) = A Bride Chamber. The expression "υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος" literally means "Sons of the Bridechamber" and is often translated "wedding guests". But I have chosen to translate it as "groomsmen" because wedding guests are often simply spectators.
- νυμφίος (n nominitive masculine singular - νυμφίος, ου, ὁ) = bridegroom
20 ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι ὅταν ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος, καὶ τότε νηστεύσουσιν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ.
"But days will come when the bridgroom will be taken from them, and then in that day, they will fast."
- ἐλεύσονται (v future middle indicitive, 3rd person plural - ἔρχομαι) = they will come
- ἀπαρθῇ (v aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - ἀπαίρω) = he will be taken
- ἐν (prep.) with dative here to be taken in the temporal sense in, within, while, during
- ἐκείνῃ (Demonstrative Pron. Dative Feminine Singular - ἐκεῖνος, η, ο) = Day
21 Οὐδεὶς ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου ἐπιράπτει ἐπὶ ἱμάτιον παλαιόν· εἰ δὲ μή, αἴρει τὸ πλήρωμα ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ τὸ καινὸν τοῦ παλαιοῦ, καὶ χεῖρον σχίσμα γίνεται.
"No one sews a piece of unshrunken cloth onto an old outfit; because the new cloth will pull away the old, and a worse tear takes place."
- ἐπίβλημα (n accusitive feminine singular - ἐπίβλημα, ατος, τό) = a piece, a patch
- ῥάκους (n genitive neuter singular - ῥάκος, ους, τό) = a piece of cloth, a patch, a remnant
- ἀγνάφου (adj genitive neuter singular - ἄγναφος, ον) = unshrunk
- ἐπιράπτει (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἐπιρράπτω) = sews
- παλαιόν (adj accusitive neuter singular - παλαιός, ά, όν) = old
- αἴρει (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - αἴρω) = tears away
- πλήρωμα (n accusitive neuter singular - πλήρωμα, ατος, τό) = patch (a fill, fullness; full complement; supply, patch, supplement, (b) fullness, filling, fulfillment, completion.)
- καινὸν (adj - nominitive neuter singular - καινός, ή, όν) - new, fresh, unused, novel.
- χεῖρον (adj nominitive neuter singular comparative - χείρων, ον) = worse
- σχίσμα (n nominitve neuter singular - σχίσμα, ατος, τό) = tear
22 καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή, ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί. ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς.
"just as no one puts new wine into old wineskins, because the wine will burst the wineskins, and the wine will be destroyed along with the wineskins. But new wine goes into new wineskins."
- βάλλει (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - βάλλω) = puts (can be used in a stronger sense as well, as in "to cast," or "to throw," or "to rush")
- οἶνον (n accusitive masculine singular - οἶνος, ου, ὁ) = wine
- νέον (adj accusitive masculine singular - νέος, α, ον) new
- ἀσκοὺς (n accusitive masculine plural - ἀσκός, οῦ, ὁ) = wineskins
- παλαιούς (adj accusitive masculine plural - παλαιός, ά, όν) = old
- ῥήξει (v future active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ῥήγνυμι, ῥήσσω) = will burst
- ἀπόλλυται (v present middle imperitive, 3rd person singular - ἀπόλλυμι) = he will be destroyed
- καινούς (adj accusitive masculine plural - καινός, ή, όν) = new
23 Καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν παραπορεύεσθαι διὰ τῶν σπορίμων, καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἤρξαντο ὁδὸν ποιεῖν τίλλοντες τοὺς στάχυας.
"And it so happend that passing through the grainfileds on the Sabbath, his disciples started plucking heads of grain."
- παραπορεύεσθαι (v present middle infinitive - παραπορεύομαι) = is passing
- σπορίμων (adj genitive neuter plural - σπόριμος, ον) = grainfield
- ὁδὸν (n accusitve feminine singular - ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ) = their way
- τίλλοντες (v present active participle, nominitive masculine plural - τίλλω) = they were plucking
- στάχυας (n accusitive masculine plural - στάχυς, υος, ὁ) = heads of grain
24 καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἔλεγον αὐτῷ· Ἴδε τί ποιοῦσιν τοῖς σάββασιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν;
"and the Pharisees said to him, 'Now see here! Why are they doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath?'"
- ἔλεγον (v imperfect active indicitive, 3rd person plural - λέγω) = they said
- Ἴδε (v aorist active imperitive, 2nd person singular - ὁράω) = behold
- ποιοῦσιν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person plural - ποιέω) = they do
- ἔξεστιν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἔξεστιν) = it is lawful
25 καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ;
"And he said to them 'havent you read what David did when he was desperate and hungry, he and those who were with him?"
- Οὐδέποτε (adv) = Never
- ἀνέγνωτε (v aorist active indicitive, 2nd person plural - ἀναγινώσκω) = you have read
- χρείαν (n accusitive feminine singular - χρεία, ας, ἡ) = need
- ἔσχεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἔχω) = he had
- ἐπείνασεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - πεινάω) = he hungered
26 πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς, καὶ ἔδωκεν καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν;
"how he entered God's House, in (the days of) the high priest Abiathar, and ate the Bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful to eat, even for the priests; and he even gave some to those who were with him."
- πῶς (conj) how
- εἰσῆλθεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - εἰσέρχομαι) = he entered
- ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως (Bread of the Presence, twelve loaves of bread offered to YHVH every Sabbath. One for each of the 12 Tribes of Israel.
- ἔφαγεν (v aorist active indicitive, 3rd person singular - φάγω) = He ate
- ἔξεστιν (v present active indicitive, 3rd person singular - ἔξεστιν) = it is lawful
- φαγεῖν (v aorist active infinitve - φάγω) = to eat
27 καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Τὸ σάββατον διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο καὶ οὐχ ὁ ἄνθρωπος διὰ τὸ σάββατον·
"And he said to them, the Sabbath is for man, not man for the Sabbath."
- διὰ
28 ὥστε κύριός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ τοῦ σαββάτου.
"So then, the Son of Man is Lord, even of the Sabbath."
- καὶ (conj) = even
(Kai can mean "and" but it can also mean "even," "also," or "namely," depending on the context.
Here "τοῦ σαββάτου" refers back to κύριός rather than υἱὸς, rather than υἱὸς, completing the sentence.
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